Hubungan Antara Berbagai Komorbiditas Dengan Derajat Keparahan Pasien Covid-19 Di Rumah Sakit Siloam Kebon Jeruk Jakarta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37160/mijournal.v20i2.465Keywords:
komorbiditas, penyakit yang sudah ada sebelumnya, derajat keparahan, faktor risiko, epidemiologi, COVID-19Abstract
Derajat keparahan COVID-19 pada setiap pasien sangat bervariasi, dari kasus ringan, berat, kritis, hingga kematian. Dikatakan bahwa komorbiditas berperan dalam progresivitas serta kematian pada pasien COVID-19. Berdasarkan Satuan Tugas Penanganan COVID-19 (SATGAS COVID-19) di Indonesia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, penyakit ginjal, kanker, gangguan imun dan asma berada di 12 besar komorbiditas yang sering ditemukan pada pasien COVID-19. Prevelansi orang dengan komorbiditas di Indonesia tidak sedikit, maka dari itu penting untuk diteliti dan dikonfirmasi lebih lanjut hubungan komorbiditas dengan derajat keparahan pada pasien COVID-19, karena identifikasi faktor risiko akan menolong tenaga kesehatan mengidentifikasi pasien dengan faktor risiko tinggi untuk mendapatkan perawatan lebih intensif. Menggunakan studi analitik cross-sectional, didapatkan data penelitian melalui total population sampling rekam medis dari 135 pasien. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi komorbiditas serta derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan kriteria World Health Organization. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mayoritas pasien COVID-19 tergolong pada derajat keparahan sedang tanpa oksigen (34,1%) diikuti dengan derajat sedang dengan oksigen (30,4%), ringan (21,5%), dan berat (14,1 %). Selain itu didapatkan bahwa, komorbiditas terbanyak adalah diabetes melitus (30,4%). Dengan menggunakan uji chi-square didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara diabetes melitus dan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 (P = 0,000). Terdapat juga hubungan yang bermakna antara multi-komorbiditas dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 (P=0,000). Oleh karena tingginya prevelansi komorbiditas terutama diabetes melitus dan juga multi-komorbiditas, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memaparkan pentingnya identifikasi serta kontrol komorbiditas pada masyarakat untuk dapat mencapai penurunan tingkat kematian dan derajat berat pada pasien COVID-19.
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