Socio-Ecological Determinants in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to identify the socio-ecological determinants associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevention behaviors through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were retrieved from the Scopus database using keywords related to the socio-ecological model and cardiovascular disease prevention. Of the 46 articles identified, three met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. The review findings indicate that CVD prevention behaviors are influenced by multi-level factors, including individual factors (health perception, self-efficacy), interpersonal factors (family and social support), organizational factors (workplace health culture), and physical and community environmental factors. Psychological factors were found to play a mediating role between social-environmental determinants and preventive behaviors. These findings emphasize that the socio-ecological approach is an effective strategy to strengthen health promotion and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly within workplace settings.